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History of higher education in the United States
The History of higher education in the United States begins with Harvard College and continues to the present time. For recent trends see the article Higher education in the United States.
==Colonial era==
Religious denominations established most early colleges in order to train ministers. They were modeled after Oxford and Cambridge universities in England, as well as Scottish universities. Harvard College was founded by the Massachusetts Bay colonial legislature in 1636, and named after an early benefactor. Most of the funding came from the colony, but the college early began to collect endowment. Harvard at first focused on training young men for the ministry, and won general support from the Puritan government, some of whose leaders had attended Oxford or Cambridge.〔See Roger L. Geiger, ''The History of American Higher Education'' (2014) (pp 1-8 online )〕 The College of William & Mary was founded by Virginia government in 1693, with of land for an endowment, and a penny tax on every pound of tobacco, together with an annual appropriation. James Blair, the leading Church of England minister in the colony, was president for 50 years, and the college won the broad support of the Virginia gentry. It trained many of the lawyers, politicians, and leading planters.〔See Geiger, ''The History of American Higher Education'' (2014) (pp 11-15 online )〕 Yale College was founded in 1701, and in 1716 was relocated to New Haven, Connecticut. The conservative Puritan ministers of Connecticut had grown dissatisfied with the more liberal theology of Harvard, and wanted their own school to train orthodox ministers.〔See Geiger, ''The History of American Higher Education'' (2014) (pp 8-11 online )〕
New Light Presbyterians in 1747 set up the College of New Jersey, in the town of Princeton; much later it was renamed Princeton University. Rhode Island College was begun by Baptists in 1764, and in 1804 it was renamed Brown University in honor of a benefactor. Brown was especially liberal in welcoming young men from other denominations. In New York City, the Church of England set up King's College by royal charter in 1746, with its president Doctor Samuel Johnson the only teacher. It closed during the American Revolution, and reopened in 1784 under the name of Columbia College; it is now part of Columbia University. The Academy of Pennsylvania was created in 1749 by Benjamin Franklin and other civic minded leaders in Philadelphia, and unlike the others was not oriented toward the training of ministers. It was renamed the University of Pennsylvania in 1791. The Dutch Reformed Church in 1766 set up Queen's College in New Jersey, which later became Rutgers University. Dartmouth College, chartered in 1769, moved to its present site in Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1770.〔John R. Thelin, ''A History of American Higher Education'' (2004) pp 1-40〕〔Lawrence A. Cremin, ''American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783'' 1970, ''passim''〕
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